Verbs:Das Perfekt - Unregelmäßige Verben mit Haben
The participle forms of verbs can be used to build the conversational past, the past perfect and the subjunctive mood. They can also be used as adjectives. The conversational past is used just like the English simple past.
die alte Hexe
Mist! Ich habe wieder die kleinen Kinder getroffen!
Darn! I met the two kids again!
die böse Königin
Haben sie geschrien, als sie dich gesehen haben?
Did they scream when they saw you?
die alte Hexe
Nein! Sie haben Lebkuchen gegessen! In meinen schönsten Träumen habe ich sie gebraten und gefressen! Mit etwas Butter und Salz.
No, they were eating gingerbread! In my sweetest dreams I fried them and gobbled them up. With a bit of butter and salt.
die böse Königin
Ich kann dich gut verstehen! In meinen Träumen hat Schneewittchen mehrmals in den Apfel gebissen! Aber stattdessen muss ich sie jeden Tag sehen ... Bru-huh-huh-huh
I can totally relate! In my dreams Snow White bit into the apple several times! But instead I have to see her every day ... sob-sob-sob
Irregular verbs form the participle by completely remodeling the infinitive form of the verb, and sadly unlike regular verbs there is no rule or guide as to how to form the irregular participles (hence the name "irregular"). You simply need to memorize irregular verbs; the only similarity is the ge- prefix and the -en suffix:
1) take the infinitive
treffen (meet)
2) remove the
-en
suffix
treff
3) change stem vowel (as necessary)
troff
4) add
ge-
prefix
getroff
5) replace
-en
suffix
getroffen
Irregular verbs that (can) have a direct object OR that do not denote an action that results in a change of state or being use haben as the auxiliary verb to form the conversational past.
Here are some key participle forms you will need to memorize:
backen (bake)
=>
hat gebacken
beißen (bite)
=>
hat gebissen
bieten (offer)
=>
hat geboten
bitten (ask, implore)
=>
hat gebeten
braten (fry, roast)
=>
hat gebraten
brechen (break)
=>
hat gebrochen (this verb can be used with sein as well)