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Kapitel 8: Regional Dialects in Switzerland - SCHWEIZERDEUTSCH (Schwiizerdütsch)

In the previous chapter we explored the different dialects in Germany. This chapter takes a closer, though only partial, look at the different Swiss German dialects. Below is a map of Switzerland indicating the different languages and dialects spoken.

Geographical distribution of the languages of Switzerland. Areas in orange on the right side show German speaking areas with High Alemanic and Highest Alemanic. Green areas show French speaking Swiss areas. Purple areas show the Italian speaking parts of Switzerland. Romansch speaking areas are shown as lilac and shaded areas  are bilingual cities/areas. Source: Swiss Federal Statistical Office http://www.bfs.admin.ch

As you can see, Switzerland has four main languages and four main language areas (although most Swiss people are multilingual): Swiss-German is spoken in the middle part of Switzerland, Swiss-French is mostly spoken in the West and South-West, Italian in the Kanton Tessin and Retho-Romanisch (a Latin derivative) in the Kanton Graubünden (a canton is Switzerland’s political unit, like a state in Germany or Austria). In this chapter we concentrate on the Swiss German "part" of Switzerland.

The thick line in the picture above approximates the division between the High- and Highest Alemannic dialect areas. This does not mean that in each of the speech region only one dialect is spoken. On the contrary, dialects differ within the two regions as well as between Kantone, or even within a Kanton, to the point where neighboring townships might have quite distinct dialects. If you are interested in listening to samples from the different regions you can find them at http://www.dialekt.ch/default.htm. Here we will focus on a few varieties of Swiss German.

Let’s take a brief look at the dialectal differences. The five circles (numbered to match the following table) in the above picture illustrate the dialect diversity that exists in Switzerland.

English German 1. Basel-City 2. Basel-Canton 3. Zürich 4. Graubünden 5. Wallis
understand verstehen verstoo verstaa
bag Tüte Sagg Sak
not nicht nit nööd net
cold kalt kiel chalt
we go wir gehen mir gönd miar göönd wiär gääh
church Kirche Chillä Kircha

Schweizerdeutsch is the national variety of German spoken in multilingual Switzerland (which also recognizes French, Italian, and Romansch as national languages). Due to its location (i.e., to the southwest of Germany, Switzerland underwent the High German sound shift just as southern Germany and Austria did. However, as a result of its constant exposure to other languages (especially French), Schweizerdeutsch has a unique sound as well as unique vocabulary, which distinguishes it from the other Upper German dialects.

Dialect features Beispiele
(Standard German Dialect)
  • at the beginning of words, k is pronounced ch
  • kalt chalt
  • Küche Chuchi
  • schwa deleted from prefixes
  • gesehen gsee
  • r is pronounced as an alveolar roll (i.e., when the tongue makes contact with the roof of your mouth)
  • es regent regelmäßig in Regen
  • ch is pronounced ’hard’ [c] at the beginning, middle and end of a word
  • ich iich
  • die Milch die Milch
  • umlaut ü is pronounced as u+ä
  • Brüder Brder
  • short a is pronounced long o
  • schlafen schlo
  • st and sp are pronounced scht and schp in the middle of words
  • Fest Fescht
  • Wespeschpii
  • final schwa dropped at the end of words
  • heute hütt
  • diminuitive endings are pronounced –li
  • Hauslein Hüüsli
  • differences in institutional language
  • der Bundestag der Nationalrat
  • die Bundesländer die Kantone
  • many French words used in place of equivalent German words
  • die Fahrkarte das Billet
  • der Schaffner der Kondukteur
  • vielen Dank! merci vielmals
  • das Fahrrad das Velo
  • der Bürgersteig das Trottoir
  • some vocabulary different from Standard German
  • schnell geschwind
  • nicht wahr? gell?/gäll?
  • zu Hause dahei
  • der Junge d’r Buäb
  • sehen luägä/luäge
  • die Sahne d’r Rahm
  • der Fleischer d’r Metzger
  • Guten Tag Grüezi

Note: A German dialect resembling Swiss German is spoken in France on the border of France, Switzerland and Germany. This dialect is called Elsäsisch (Alsacian).