Language and Culture
We have seen that one important issue of pragmatics for second language learners is that they must be aware of the pragmatic expressions and interpretations (and reactions to the expressions) that differ between their own native language and the second language. These are referred to as cross-cultural and/or cross-linguistic difficulties.
Beyond Grammar
The most typical assumption by second language learners is that they can just transfer how they say and understand language functions from their native language to the target language. This assumption often causes difficulties in the communication in the L2. Although what the learner says may be grammatically correct, it may not be pragmatically acceptable.
Relevance of cross-cultural differences for learners.
Duration: 02:06
Linguistic Choices
Cross-cultural norms guide the linguistic choices we make in speaking and interpreting messages. Recall the video of the learner who asked to borrow his friend's car. What specific linguistic choices did he make when he said his request (e.g., level of directness, ways to make the request, intonation)?
- The request is framed in terms of what the speaker needs. Only at the end is the request made in terms of what the listener should do.
- The request at the end is too direct (order + please).